Copyright notice. The publisher's final edited version of this article is available at Curr Opin Rheumatol. See other articles in PMC that cite the published article. Abstract Purpose of review Systemic lupus erythematosus SLE is the prototypical systemic autoimmune disease with a significant disease burden across the world among different ethnic, racial and age groups.
Recent findings More accurate estimates of incidence and prevalence of SLE among different ethnicities and minority groups not only in the USA, but in Europe, Middle East, and Asia have provided new insights into the disease burden around the world. Summary Gender, race, and ethnicity significantly affect SLE incidence, prevalence, damage accrual, and mortality. Lupus in the USA In , data from the Michigan 1 and Georgia 2 Lupus Registries were published and provided a valuable insight into the incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus SLE in the United States in a population predominantly composed of Caucasians and African Americans Table 1.
Table 1 Lupus incidence and prevalence in the USA- a update. Authors Region Study type Number of SLE cases Ethnic distribution Age Gender Study period Incidence overall cases per persons-years Incidence by ethnicity cases per persons-years Prevalence cases per Prevalence by ethnicity cases per Somers et al.
Open in a separate window. Lupus worldwide Other than the recently published data from the Michigan Lupus Epidemiology and Surveillance Registry 8 which described a 2. Table 2 Lupus incidence and prevalence worldwide- a update. Impact of family history A study from Denmark 22 identified hospitalized patients with SLE over a period of 36 years and coupled them with their relatives through the Civil Registration System followed by identification of twins using the Danish twin registry.
Cardiovascular disease in SLE Hermassen et al. References 1. Population-based incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus: the Michigan Lupus Epidemiology and Surveillance program. Arthritis Rheumatol Hoboken NJ. Prevalence and incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus in a population-based registry of American Indian and Alaska Native people, — Incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus in a population-based cohort using revised American College of Rheumatology and the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics classification criteria.
Incidence and prevalence of adult systemic lupus erythematosus in a large US managed-care population. Incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus among Arab and Chaldean Americans in southeastern Michigan: the Michigan Lupus Epidemiology and Surveillance Program. Am J Public Health. Incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus among the native Arab population in UAE. Age-specific and sex-specific incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus: an estimate from cross-sectional claims data of 2.
Lupus Sci Med. Prevalence and incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus in France: A nation-wide population-based study. Autoimmun Rev. Prevalence and incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus in the adult population of Estonia.
Variations in the epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus in southern Sweden. J Rheumatol. Epidemiology and burden of systemic lupus erythematosus in a Southern European population: data from the community-based lupus registry of Crete, Greece. Ann Rheum Dis. The incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus in the UK, — The worldwide incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review of epidemiological studies. Rheumatol Oxf Engl.
Ann Intern Med. Unchanging premature mortality trends in systemic lupus erythematosus: a general population-based study — Rheumatol Oxf Engl. Overall and cause-specific mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus: an updated meta-analysis. Family history of systemic lupus erythematosus and risk of autoimmune disease: Nationwide Cohort Study in Denmark — Concordance of autoimmune disease in a nationwide Danish systemic lupus erythematosus twin cohort.
Semin Arthritis Rheum. Cumulative immunosuppressant exposure is associated with diversified cancer risk among 14 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a nested case-control study. JAMA Oncol. Cervical neoplasia in systemic lupus erythematosus: a nationwide study.
The risk of cardiovascular morbidity and cardiovascular mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis: a Danish nationwide population-based cohort study. Stroke in systemic lupus erythematosus: a Swedish population-based cohort study. Support Center Support Center. External link. Please review our privacy policy.
Somers et al. All these processes play a role in the defective clearance of chromatin material that is overexposed to the afferent limb of the immune system leading to an autoimmune response facilitated by defective regulatory mechanisms.
The production of a wide panel of autoantibodies represents the ultimate events responsible for tissue aggression. Finally, tissue damage is influenced by the presence of local factors responsible for the final aggressivity of the lesions and of the clinical manifestations. Summary: Ocular manifestations are prevalent in patients with SLE.
The association with certain manifestations and other disease manifestations highlights the importance of collaboration between the ophthalmologist and rheumatologist. Additional research utilizing clinico-molecular techniques will likely continue to improve our knowledge in the treatment of SLE in the future. All rights reserved.
0コメント