Antibacterial resistance pdf

Extended spectrum b-lactamases ESBLs — — a surveillance report from the Enter-net international surveillance network. Eurosurveillance that confer resistance to third-generation cephalos- ; 9 : 45— Foodborne and gastrointestinal infec- Enterobacteriaceae and concern has been expressed tions during Communicable Disease Monthly regarding their presence in Salmonella [16, 28].

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Anti- Accessed 9 August Webb CH chairman. Antimicrobial Resistance Action Plan —5. Belfast : Department of Health, Social Prendiville P, et al. Antimicrobial resistance in Services and Public Safety, www. England and Wales. Communicable Disease Sur- gov. Accessed 9 veillance Centre , pp. August National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Accessed 9 August Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Crawford LM. Withdrawal of approval of the new Susceptibility Tests, 6th edn.

Final decision of the commissioner. Docket number Andrews JM. BSAC standardised disc susceptibility N Washington : Department of Health and testing method version 3. Zoonoses Report United Kingdom Threlfall EJ, et al. Antimicrobial drug resistance in Accessed 4 July Eurosurveillance Antimicrobial drug resistance in ; 8 : 41— Increasing and Wales in : decrease in multiple resistance in quinolone resistance in Salmonella enterica serotype Salmonella enterica serotypes Typhimurium, Virchow, Enteritidis.

Emerging Infectious Diseases ; 8 : and Hadar. Microbial Drug Resistance ; 6 : — Resistance to ceftriaxone and cefo- Helms M, et al. International Salmonella Typhimurium taxime in non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica in England DT infections, — Emerging Infectious and Wales, — Journal of Antimicrobial Chemo- Diseases ; 11 : — Fluit AC. Towards a more virulent and antibiotic- Outbreak of multidrug-resistant Salmonella resistant Salmonella?

Microbiology ; 43 : 1— Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report ; 51 : Varma JK, et al. Antimicrobial-resistant nontyphoidal — Salmonella is associated with excess bloodstream infec- Wilson IG, Whitehead E.

Emergence of Salmonella tions and hospitalizations. European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences There are some causes of the antibiotic resistance Antibiotics like fruits-pesticides also contribute to the crisis. Hence its overuse, underuse, and inappropriate use are in high condition. More importantly, farm animals are given antibiotic resistance. Antibiotics are ingested into humans if they consume animal foods that are treated with antibiotics.

A Health Consequence large proportion of antibiotics given to farm animals are As a consequence of antibiotic resistance, infected excreted through their urine and stool and then widely people cannot get adequate treatment by available dispersed through fertilizers, groundwater, and surface antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance cause additional runoff, which results in the growth of resistance versus infections, it is found that additional infections result not susceptible microorganisms in the environments.

It was found that from to the resistance. Table 2: Examples of the consequences of antibiotic resistance. McGrown Jr. Table 3: The perspective of the economic impact of antimicrobial-resistance. Lobanovska M, Pilla G. For example, both physician and patient have antibiotic resistance: lessons for future? Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Comparison of each group can be done from the given www. DOI: antibiotics, reducing unnecessary agricultural use, more Sun D.

In developed countries, millions of people are horizontal gene transfer in bacteria" Front. DOI: antibiotic resistance. Amid the impoverished condition of So, the crisis arising horizontal gene transfer in the evolution of selected from antibiotic resistance is real, and we all need to be foodbome bacterial pathogen. Toxicology, ; Ananta Khanal for helpful discussion.

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J Clin Microbiol — Am J Epidemiol — Witte, W. Int J Patterns of antimicrobial resistance observed in Antimicrob Agents — Escherichia coli isolates obtained from domestic- and wild- Woerther, P.

Janssens, A. Crit Rev Microbiol Niger. Clin Infect Dis — Woodall, C. Casali, N.